Humans

Matthew M. Davis, Amy T. Butchart, John R. C. Wheeler, Margaret S. Coleman, Dianne C. Singer, Gary L. Freed. Failure-to-success ratios, transition probabilities and phase lengths for prophylactic vaccines versus other pharmaceuticals in the development pipeline. Vaccine. 2011;29(51):9414-9416. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.128

Niall Shanks, Ray Greek, Jean Greek. Are animal models predictive for humans?. Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine: PEHM. 2009;4:2. doi:10.1186/1747-5341-4-2

Pablo Perel, Ian Roberts, Emily Sena, et al. Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334:197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE

Victoria E. O’Collins, Malcolm R. Macleod, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Laura L. Horky, Bart H. van der Worp, David W. Howells. 1,026 experimental treatments in acute stroke. Annals of Neurology. 2006;59(3):467-477. doi:10.1002/ana.20741

Simon Wessely. Peer review of grant applications: what do we know?. The Lancet. 1998;352(9124):301-305. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11129-1

Linda K. Pifer. Exploring the gender gap in young adults’ attitudes about animal research. Society & Animals: Social Scientific Studies of the Human Experience of Other Animals. 1996;4(1):37-52. doi:10.1163/156853096x00034