Translation and validation

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Matthew M. Davis, Amy T. Butchart, John R. C. Wheeler, Margaret S. Coleman, Dianne C. Singer, Gary L. Freed. Failure-to-success ratios, transition probabilities and phase lengths for prophylactic vaccines versus other pharmaceuticals in the development pipeline. Vaccine. 2011;29(51):9414-9416. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.128
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Niall Shanks, Ray Greek, Jean Greek. Are animal models predictive for humans?. Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine: PEHM. 2009;4:2. doi:10.1186/1747-5341-4-2
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Robert A. J. Matthews. Medical progress depends on animal models - doesn’t it?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2008;101(2):95-98. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2007.070164
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Pablo Perel, Ian Roberts, Emily Sena, et al. Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334:197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE
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Victoria E. O’Collins, Malcolm R. Macleod, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Laura L. Horky, Bart H. van der Worp, David W. Howells. 1,026 experimental treatments in acute stroke. Annals of Neurology. 2006;59(3):467-477. doi:10.1002/ana.20741
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Pandora Pound, Shah Ebrahim, Peter Sandercock, Michael B Bracken, Ian Roberts. Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?. BMJ. 2004;328:514-517. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514
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Peter J.K. van Meer, Marlous Kooijman, Christine C. Gispen-de Wied, Ellen H.M. Moors, Huub Schellekens. The ability of animal studies to detect serious post marketing adverse events is limited. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 64(3):345-349. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.09.002
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Clifford S. Deutschman. Translating Animal Studies to Human Disease: Language Matters*. Critical Care Medicine. 52(3):518-520. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006167
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