Humans

Alessandro Polini, Loretta L. Del Mercato, Adriano Barra, Yu Shrike Zhang, Franco Calabi, Giuseppe Gigli. Towards the development of human immune-system-on-a-chip platforms. Drug Discovery Today. 2019;24(2):517-525. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.003

Norman Sachs, Angelos Papaspyropoulos, Domenique D. Zomer-van Ommen, et al. Long-term expanding human airway organoids for disease modeling. The EMBO journal. 2019;38(4):e100300. doi:10.15252/embj.2018100300

David Tuveson, Hans Clevers. Cancer modeling meets human organoid technology. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2019;364(6444):952-955. doi:10.1126/science.aaw6985

Jun-Hwan Yoo, Mark Donowitz. Intestinal enteroids/organoids: A novel platform for drug discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2019;25(30):4125-4147. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4125

Sunghee Estelle Park, Andrei Georgescu, Dongeun Huh. Organoids-on-a-chip. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2019;364(6444):960-965. doi:10.1126/science.aaw7894

Michael Balls, Jarrod Bailey, Robert D. Combes. How viable are alternatives to animal testing in determining the toxicities of therapeutic drugs?. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 2019;15(12):985-987. doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1694662

Jarrod Bailey, Michael Balls. Recent efforts to elucidate the scientific validity of animal-based drug tests by the pharmaceutical industry, pro-testing lobby groups, and animal welfare organisations. BMC Medical Ethics. 2019;20(1):16. doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0352-3

Sabina Kanton, Michael James Boyle, Zhisong He, et al. Organoid single-cell genomic atlas uncovers human-specific features of brain development. Nature. 2019;574(7778):418-422. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1654-9

Elizabeth J. Baker, Nancy A. Beck, Ellen L. Berg, et al. Advancing nonclinical innovation and safety in pharmaceutical testing. Drug Discovery Today. 2019;24(2):624-628. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.011

Kathrin Herrmann, Francesca Pistollato, Martin L. Stephens. Beyond the 3Rs: Expanding the use of human-relevant replacement methods in biomedical research. Alternatives to Animal Experimentation. 2019;36(3):343-352. doi:10.14573/altex.1907031