3Rs

Michael Balls, Rolf Bass, Rodger Curren, et al. 60 Years of the 3Rs symposium: Lessons learned and the road ahead. Alternatives to Animal Experimentation. 2024;41(2):179-201. doi:10.14573/altex.2403061

Koen Kramer. When Is Something an Alternative? A General Account Applied to Animal-Free Alternatives to Animal Research. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2023;33(1):89-101. doi:10.1017/S0963180123000300

Doortje Swaters, Anne van Veen, Wim van Meurs, Janette Ellen Turner, Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga. A History of Regulatory Animal Testing: What Can We Learn?. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 2022;50(5):322-329. doi:10.1177/02611929221118001

Steffi Bressers, Hester van den Elzen, Cathrin Gräwe, Daphne van den Oetelaar, Pieter H. A. Postma, Sybren K. Schoustra. Policy driven changes in animal research practices: mapping researchers’ attitudes towards animal-free innovations using the Netherlands as an example. Research Integrity and Peer Review. 2019;4:8. doi:10.1186/s41073-019-0067-5

Kathrin Herrmann, Francesca Pistollato, Martin L. Stephens. Beyond the 3Rs: Expanding the use of human-relevant replacement methods in biomedical research. Alternatives to Animal Experimentation. 2019;36(3):343-352. doi:10.14573/altex.1907031

Jon Hamm, Kristie Sullivan, Amy J. Clippinger, et al. Alternative approaches for identifying acute systemic toxicity: Moving from research to regulatory testing. Toxicology in Vitro. 2017;41:245-259. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.004

A. C. Gray, S. S. Sidhu, P. C. Chandrasekera, C. F. M. Hendriksen, C. a. K. Borrebaeck. Animal-Friendly Affinity Reagents: Replacing the Needless in the Haystack. Trends in Biotechnology. 2016;34(12):960-969. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.017

Malin Masterton, Tobias Renberg, Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong. Patients’ attitudes towards animal testing: “To conduct research on animals is, I suppose, a necessary evil.” BioSocieties. 2014;9(1):24-41. doi:10.1057/biosoc.2013.39