TY - JOUR
KW - Animals
KW - Disease Models, Animal
KW - Female
KW - Male
KW - Rodentia
KW - Sex Factors
KW - organ-on-a-chip
KW - organoids
KW - Preclinical research
KW - sex bias
KW - sexual dimorphism
AU - Sonya Kouthouridis
AU - Eleanor Robson
AU - Alicia Hartung
AU - Sandeep Raha
AU - Boyang Zhang
AB - The development of microphysiological models is currently at the forefront of preclinical research. Although these 3D tissue models are being developed to mimic physiological organ function and diseases, which are often sexually dimorphic, sex is usually neglected as a biological variable. For decades, national research agencies have required government-funded clinical trials to include both male and female participants as a means of eliminating male bias. However, this is not the case in preclinical trials, which have been shown to favor male rodents in animal studies and male cell types in in vitro studies. In this Opinion, we highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable and outline five approaches for incorporating sex-specific features into current microphysiological models.
BT - Trends in Biotechnology
DA - 2022-11
DO - 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.005
IS - 11
LA - eng
N2 - The development of microphysiological models is currently at the forefront of preclinical research. Although these 3D tissue models are being developed to mimic physiological organ function and diseases, which are often sexually dimorphic, sex is usually neglected as a biological variable. For decades, national research agencies have required government-funded clinical trials to include both male and female participants as a means of eliminating male bias. However, this is not the case in preclinical trials, which have been shown to favor male rodents in animal studies and male cell types in in vitro studies. In this Opinion, we highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable and outline five approaches for incorporating sex-specific features into current microphysiological models.
PY - 2022
SP - 1284
EP - 1298
ST - Se(XY) matters
T2 - Trends in Biotechnology
TI - Se(XY) matters: the importance of incorporating sex in microphysiological models
VL - 40
SN - 1879-3096
ER -