TY - JOUR KW - FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration KW - LR, likelihood ratio KW - NLR, negative likelihood ratio KW - NPV, negative predictive value KW - PLR, positive likelihood ratio KW - PPV, positive predictive value KW - animal research KW - Drug development KW - toxicity KW - translational research AU - Gail A. Van Norman AB - Animal testing is used in pharmaceutical and industrial research to predict human toxicity, and yet analysis suggests that animal models are poor predictors of drug safety in humans. The cost of animal research is high-in dollars, delays in drug approval, and in the loss of potentially beneficial drugs for human use. Human subjects have been harmed in the clinical testing of drugs that were deemed safe by animal studies. Increasingly, investigators are questioning the scientific merit of animal research. This review discusses issues in using animals to predict human toxicity in pharmaceutical development. Part 1 focuses on scientific concerns over the validity of animal research. Part 2 will discuss alternatives to animal research and their validation and use in production of human pharmaceuticals. BT - JACC. Basic to translational science DA - 2019-11 DO - 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.10.008 IS - 7 LA - eng N2 - Animal testing is used in pharmaceutical and industrial research to predict human toxicity, and yet analysis suggests that animal models are poor predictors of drug safety in humans. The cost of animal research is high-in dollars, delays in drug approval, and in the loss of potentially beneficial drugs for human use. Human subjects have been harmed in the clinical testing of drugs that were deemed safe by animal studies. Increasingly, investigators are questioning the scientific merit of animal research. This review discusses issues in using animals to predict human toxicity in pharmaceutical development. Part 1 focuses on scientific concerns over the validity of animal research. Part 2 will discuss alternatives to animal research and their validation and use in production of human pharmaceuticals. PY - 2019 SP - 845 EP - 854 ST - Limitations of Animal Studies for Predicting Toxicity in Clinical Trials T2 - JACC. Basic to translational science TI - Limitations of Animal Studies for Predicting Toxicity in Clinical Trials: Is it Time to Rethink Our Current Approach? UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X1930316X?via%3Dihub VL - 4 SN - 2452-302X ER -