TY - JOUR
KW - animal experimentation
KW - Animals
KW - Biomedical Research
KW - Humans
KW - Models, Animal
KW - Research Design
KW - ethics
KW - humane endpoints
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - pre-clinical trials
KW - statistics
KW - Systematic review
KW - Three Rs
AU - Vijay Pal Singh
AU - Kunal Pratap
AU - Juhi Sinha
AU - Koundinya Desiraju
AU - Devika Bahal
AU - Ritushree Kukreti
AB - Animal experiments that are conducted worldwide contribute to significant findings and breakthroughs in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of various diseases, bringing up appropriate clinical interventions. However, their predictive value is often low, leading to translational failure. Problems like translational failure of animal studies and poorly designed animal experiments lead to loss of animal lives and less translatable data which affect research outcomes ethically and economically. Due to increasing complexities in animal usage with changes in public perception and stringent guidelines, it is becoming difficult to use animals for conducting studies. This review deals with challenges like poor experimental design and ethical concerns and discusses key concepts like sample size, statistics in experimental design, humane endpoints, economic assessment, species difference, housing conditions, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses that are often neglected. If practiced, these strategies can refine the procedures effectively and help translate the outcomes efficiently.
BT - International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
DA - 2016-12
DO - 10.1177/0394632016671728
IS - 4
LA - eng
N2 - Animal experiments that are conducted worldwide contribute to significant findings and breakthroughs in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of various diseases, bringing up appropriate clinical interventions. However, their predictive value is often low, leading to translational failure. Problems like translational failure of animal studies and poorly designed animal experiments lead to loss of animal lives and less translatable data which affect research outcomes ethically and economically. Due to increasing complexities in animal usage with changes in public perception and stringent guidelines, it is becoming difficult to use animals for conducting studies. This review deals with challenges like poor experimental design and ethical concerns and discusses key concepts like sample size, statistics in experimental design, humane endpoints, economic assessment, species difference, housing conditions, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses that are often neglected. If practiced, these strategies can refine the procedures effectively and help translate the outcomes efficiently.
PY - 2016
SP - 551
EP - 561
T2 - International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
TI - Critical evaluation of challenges and future use of animals in experimentation for biomedical research
VL - 29
SN - 2058-7384
ER -