02841nas a2200517   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653000800058653002800066653001700094653001100111653001500122653000700137653000900144100001300153700002100166700002200187700002000209700001700229700002000246700001800266700001700284700001700301700001600318700002700334700001500361700001800376700001800394700001500412700002000427700001800447700001800465700002300483700001500506700001500521700001700536700001200553700001600565245011100581856007200692300001200764490000700776520152600783022001402309       2017                            d  c2017-06-0110a3Rs10aAcute systemic toxicity10aAlternatives10aDermal10aInhalation10aLD10aOral1 aJon Hamm1 aKristie Sullivan1 aAmy J. Clippinger1 aJudy Strickland1 aShannon Bell1 aBarun Bhhatarai1 aBas Blaauboer1 aWarren Casey1 aDavid Dorman1 aAnna Forsby1 aNatàlia Garcia-Reyero1 aSean Gehen1 aRabea Graepel1 aJon Hotchkiss1 aAnna Lowit1 aJoanna Matheson1 aElissa Reaves1 aLouis Scarano1 aCatherine Sprankle1 aJay Tunkel1 aDan Wilson1 aMenghang Xia1 aHao Zhu1 aDavid Allen00aAlternative approaches for identifying acute systemic toxicity: Moving from research to regulatory testing  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233317300048  a245-2590 v413 aAcute systemic toxicity testing provides the basis for hazard labeling and risk management of chemicals. A number of international efforts have been directed at identifying non-animal alternatives for in vivo acute systemic toxicity tests. A September 2015 workshop, Alternative Approaches for Identifying Acute Systemic Toxicity: Moving from Research to Regulatory Testing, reviewed the state-of-the-science of non-animal alternatives for this testing and explored ways to facilitate implementation of alternatives. Workshop attendees included representatives from international regulatory agencies, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry. Resources identified as necessary for meaningful progress in implementing alternatives included compiling and making available high-quality reference data, training on use and interpretation of in vitro and in silico approaches, and global harmonization of testing requirements. Attendees particularly noted the need to characterize variability in reference data to evaluate new approaches. They also noted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of acute toxicity, which could be facilitated by the development of adverse outcome pathways. Workshop breakout groups explored different approaches to reducing or replacing animal use for acute toxicity testing, with each group crafting a roadmap and strategy to accomplish near-term progress. The workshop steering committee has organized efforts to implement the recommendations of the workshop participants.  a0887-2333