02121nas a2200337   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002600055653001900081653001100100653002200111653001100133653000800144653002600152653001800178653003100196653002000227653001400247653001800261653003800279653002400317653002300341100002000364700002000384245007900404300001200483490000800495520126600503022001401769       2021                            d  c2021-0610aDrug Delivery Systems10aDrug Discovery10aFemale10aGenitalia, Female10aHumans10aIVF10aLab-On-A-Chip Devices10amicrofluidics10amicrophysiological systems10aorgan-on-a-chip10aPregnancy10aPreterm birth10aReproductive biology and medicine10aReproductive system10aTissue engineering1 aRachel E. Young1 aDan Dongeun Huh00aOrgan-on-a-chip technology for the study of the female reproductive system  a461-4780 v1733 aOver the past decade, organs-on-a-chip and microphysiological systems have emerged as a disruptive in vitro technology for biopharmaceutical applications. By enabling new capabilities to engineer physiological living tissues and organ units in the precisely controlled environment of microfabricated devices, these systems offer great promise to advance the frontiers of basic and translational research in biomedical sciences. Here, we review an emerging body of interdisciplinary work directed towards harnessing the power of organ-on-a-chip technology for reproductive biology and medicine. The focus of this topical review is to provide an overview of recent progress in the development of microengineered female reproductive organ models with relevance to drug delivery and discovery. We introduce the engineering design of these advanced in vitro systems and examine their applications in the study of pregnancy, infertility, and reproductive diseases. We also present two case studies that use organ-on-a-chip design principles to model placental drug transport and hormonally regulated crosstalk between multiple female reproductive organs. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for the advancement of reproductive organ-on-a-chip technology.  a1872-8294