01981nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100002100057700001800078700002100096700001800117700001800135700001900153700002000172700001900192700001500211700002200226700001600248700002100264700002500285700002200310700001800332700002100350700001800371700002500389700002000414700002200434245009600456856004300552300001200595490000700607520097900614022001401593       2021                            d  c2021-10-011 aKristijan Armeni1 aLoek Brinkman1 aRickard Carlsson1 aAnita Eerland1 aRianne Fijten1 aRobin Fondberg1 aVera E Heininga1 aStephan Heunis1 aWei Qi Koh1 aMaurits Masselink1 aNiall Moran1 aAndrew Ó Baoill1 aAlexandra Sarafoglou1 aAntonio Schettino1 aHardy Schwamm1 aZsuzsika Sjoerds1 aMarta Teperek1 aOlmo R van den Akker1 aAnna van't Veer1 aRaul Zurita-Milla00aTowards wide-scale adoption of open science practices: The role of open science communities  uhttps://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scab039  a605-6110 v483 aDespite the increasing availability of Open Science (OS) infrastructure and the rise in policies to change behaviour, OS practices are not yet the norm. While pioneering researchers are developing OS practices, the majority sticks to status quo. To transition to common practice, we must engage a critical proportion of the academic community. In this transition, OS Communities (OSCs) play a key role. OSCs are bottom-up learning groups of scholars that discuss OS within and across disciplines. They make OS knowledge more accessible and facilitate communication among scholars and policymakers. Over the past two years, eleven OSCs were founded at several Dutch university cities. In other countries, similar OSCs are starting up. In this article, we discuss the pivotal role OSCs play in the large-scale transition to OS. We emphasize that, despite the grassroot character of OSCs, support from universities is critical for OSCs to be viable, effective, and sustainable.  a0302-3427