02305nas a2200313   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653001600043653002100059653002100080653002300101100001700124700001400141700001600155700001900171700002500190700002300215700001300238700001900251700001400270700001800284700001600302245010300318856006700421300001500488490000800503520146600511022001401977                                       d10a3D printing10aDNA biolubricant10aMicrovasculature10aTissue engineering1 aJiezhong Shi1 aYifei Wan1 aHaoyang Jia1 aGregor Skeldon1 aDirk Jan Cornelissen1 aKatrina Wesencraft1 aJunxi Wu1 aGail McConnell1 aQuan Chen1 aDongsheng Liu1 aWenmiao Shu00aPrinting Cell Embedded Sacrificial Strategy for Microvasculature using Degradable DNA Biolubricant  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.202417510  ae2024175100 vn/a3 aMicrovasculature is essential for the continued function of cells in tissue and is fundamental in the fields of tissue engineering, organ repair and drug screening. However, the fabrication of microvasculature is still challenging using existing strategies. Here, we developed a general PRINting Cell Embedded Sacrificial Strategy (PRINCESS) and successfully fabricated microvasculatures using degradable DNA biolubricant. This is the first demonstration of direct cell printing to fabricate microvasculature, which eliminates the need for a subsequent cell seeding process and the associated deficiencies. Utilizing the shear-thinning property of DNA hydrogels as a novel sacrificial, cell-laden biolubricant, we can print a 70 μm endothelialized microvasculature, breaking the limit of 100 μm. To our best knowledge, this is the smallest endothelialized microvasculature that has ever been bioprinted so far. In addition, the self-healing property of DNA hydrogels allows the creation of continuous branched structures. This strategy provides a new platform for constructing complex hierarchical vascular networks and offers new opportunity towards engineering thick tissues. The extremely low volume of sacrificial biolubricant paves the way for DNA hydrogels to be used in practical tissue engineering applications. The high-resolution bioprinting technique also exhibits great potential for printing lymphatics, retinas and neural networks in the future.  a1521-3773