01776nas a2200241   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653002200058653001700080653002800097100001700125700001600142700001700158700001600175700001800191245014800209856005500357300000900412490000700421520109200428022001401520       2025                            d  c2025-02-0610aNanobiotechnology10aRegeneration10aStem-cell biotechnology1 aYeon-Woo Cho1 aMin-Ji Kang1 aJoon-Ha Park1 aYun-Sik Eom1 aTae-Hyung Kim00aSpatially controlled multicellular differentiation of stem cells using triple factor-releasing metal–organic framework-coated nanoline arrays  uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-56373-0  a13890 v163 aImproved in vitro models are needed for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Here, we report on functionally aligned nanoparticle-trapped nanopattern arrays for spatially controlled, precise mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on a single substrate. The arrays comprise nanohole and nanoline arrays fabricated through interference lithography and selectively capture of UiO-67 metal–organic frameworks on nanoline arrays with a 99.8% efficiency using an optimised asymmetric spin-coating method. The UiO-67 metal–organic frameworks contain three osteogenic differentiation factors for sustained release over four weeks. The combination of differentiation factors and patterned array allows for generation of adipocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocyte–osteoblast mixtures on nanohole arrays, nanoline arrays, and at the nanohole–nanoline interface, respectively, with mature osteoblasts exhibiting higher marker expression and mineralisation. The sustained release patterned array holds potential for constructing advanced therapeutic and disease state in vitro cellular models.  a2041-1723