01837nas a2200277   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653002800057653001700085653002000102653002200122653002200144100001500166700001600181700001200197700001500209700001400224700001600238700001200254245009600266856004700362300000800409490000700417520112100424022001401545       2025                            d  c2025-01-3010aCardiovascular Diseases10adrug testing10aHeart-on-a-chip10aIn vitro modeling10aOn-chip detection1 aBeiqin Liu1 aShuyue Wang1 aHong Ma1 aYulin Deng1 aJichen Du1 aYimeng Zhao1 aYu Chen00aHeart-on-a-chip: a revolutionary organ-on-chip platform for cardiovascular disease modeling  uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05986-y  a1320 v233 aHeart-on-a-chip (HoC) devices have emerged as a powerful tool for studying the human heart's intricate functions and dysfunctions in vitro. Traditional preclinical models, such as 2D cell cultures model and animal model, have limitations in accurately predicting human response to cardiovascular diseases and treatments. The HoC approach addresses these shortcomings by recapitulating the microscale anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics of the heart, thereby providing a more clinically relevant platform for drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized therapy. Recent years have seen significant strides in HoC technology, driven by advancements in biomaterials, bioelectronics, and tissue engineering. Here, we first review the construction and on-chip detection in HoC. Then we introduce the current proceedings of in vitro models for studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) based on the HoC platform, including ischemia and myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac scar, myocardial hypertrophy and other CVD models. Finally, we discuss the future directions of HoC and related emerging technologies.  a1479-5876