02181nas a2200301   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653002000058653002400078653002200102653001100124653002000135653002000155653002700175653002200202100002300224700002400247700001900271700002100290700001600311700002300327245009700350300001000447490000700457520140100464022001401865       2023                            d  c2023-10-2610aCells, Cultured10aCellular Senescence10aHydrogen Peroxide10aAgeing10acell senescence10ain vitro models10amusculoskeletal system10aSystematic review1 aFrancesca Veronesi1 aDeyanira Contartese1 aLaura Di Sarno1 aVeronica Borsari1 aMilena Fini1 aGianluca Giavaresi00aIn Vitro Models of Cell Senescence: A Systematic Review on Musculoskeletal Tissues and Cells  a156170 v243 aAgeing is an irreversible and inevitable biological process and a significant risk factor for the development of various diseases, also affecting the musculoskeletal system, resulting from the accumulation of cell senescence. The aim of this systematic review was to collect the in vitro studies conducted over the past decade in which cell senescence was induced through various methods, with the purpose of evaluating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying senescence and to identify treatments capable of delaying senescence. Through three electronic databases, 22 in vitro studies were identified and included in this systematic review. Disc, cartilage, or muscle cells or tissues and mesenchymal stem cells were employed to set-up in vitro models of senescence. The most common technique used to induce cell senescence was the addition to the culture medium of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and/or interleukin (IL)1β, followed by irradiation, compression, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), microgravity, in vitro expansion up to passage 10, and cells harvested from damaged areas of explants. Few studies evaluated possible treatments to anti-senescence effects. The included studies used in vitro models of senescence in musculoskeletal tissues, providing powerful tools to evaluate age-related changes and pathologies, also contributing to the development of new therapeutic approaches.  a1422-0067