01955nas a2200373   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653001100058653001700069653002000086100002000106700001800126700002300144700002400167700001700191700002300208700001800231700001700249700002600266700001900292700002700311700001600338700001900354700001900373700002300392700001900415700001800434245009900452856005500551300000900606520095200615022001401567       2024                            d  c2024-11-2010aAgeing10aNeurogenesis10aTranscriptomics1 aChristina Steyn1 aRuvimbo Mishi1 aStephanie Fillmore1 aMatthijs B. Verhoog1 aJessica More1 aUrsula K. Rohlwink1 aRoger Melvill1 aJames Butler1 aJohannes M. N. Enslin1 aMuazzam Jacobs1 aTatjana Sauka-Spengler1 aMaria Greco1 aSadi Quiñones1 aChris G. Dulla1 aJoseph V. Raimondo1 aAnthony Figaji1 aDorit Hockman00aA temporal cortex cell atlas highlights gene expression dynamics during human brain maturation  uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01990-6  a1-133 aThe human brain undergoes protracted postnatal maturation, guided by dynamic changes in gene expression. Most studies exploring these processes have used bulk tissue analyses, which mask cell-type-specific gene expression dynamics. Here, using single-nucleus RNA sequencing on temporal lobe tissue, including samples of African ancestry, we build a joint pediatric and adult atlas of 75 cell subtypes, which we verify with spatial transcriptomics. We explore the differences between pediatric and adult cell subtypes, revealing the genes and pathways that change during brain maturation. Our results highlight excitatory neuron subtypes, including the LTK and FREM subtypes, that show elevated expression of genes associated with cognition and synaptic plasticity in pediatric tissue. The resources we present here improve our understanding of the brain during its development and contribute to global efforts to build an inclusive brain cell map.  a1546-1718