01395nas a2200349   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653001700058653003500075653002400110653002800134100001200162700001400174700001700188700001100205700001600216700001500232700001600247700001500263700001600278700001700294700001600311700001400327700001800341245011400359856005500473300000900528490000700537520048700544022001401031       2024                            d  c2024-10-2010aCell biology10ainduced pluripotent stem cells10aParkinson's disease10aStem-cell biotechnology1 aXin Cui1 aXinwei Li1 aHuimin Zheng1 aYun Su1 aShuyu Zhang1 aMengjie Li1 aXiaoyan Hao1 aShuo Zhang1 aZhengwei Hu1 aZongping Xia1 aChanghe Shi1 aYuming Xu1 aChengyuan Mao00aHuman midbrain organoids: a powerful tool for advanced Parkinson’s disease modeling and therapy exploration  uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41531-024-00799-8  a1-140 v103 aParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite progress, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Human midbrain organoids (hMLOs) have emerged as a promising model for studying PD, drug screening, and potential treatments. This review discusses the development of hMLOs, their application in PD research, and current challenges in organoid construction, highlighting possible optimization strategies.  a2373-8057