01294nas a2200229   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260000900043653003200052653001200084653001500096653002500111100002000136700001600156700001700172700001900189245006100208300001200269490000700281520076200288022001401050       2020                            d  c202010aAnimal Testing Alternatives10aAnimals10aantibodies10aRecombinant Proteins1 aKatherine Groff1 aDavid Allen1 aWarren Casey1 aAmy Clippinger00aIncreasing the use of animal-free recombinant antibodies  a309-3110 v373 aAntibodies are used in a range of research, diagnostic, and regulatory applications. Traditional methods for producing such reagents involve the immunization of animals, which introduces variability into the methods that use them and is not aligned with efforts to replace and reduce animal use. Experts from academia, biotechnology, government, and animal protection organizations met December 3, 2019, at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD, USA to discuss the status of development and use of animal-free recombinant antibodies and their potential to replace antibodies derived from animals. This paper summarizes the discussion and the actions that resulted to facilitate increased production and use of animal-free recombinant antibodies.  a1868-8551