00954nas a2200133   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100001500057245003900072856003500111300001400146490000700160520065300167       2022                            d  c2022-01-011 aCarole Lee00aCommensuration Bias in Peer Review  uhttps://doi.org/10.1086/683652  a1272-12830 v823 aTo arrive at their final evaluation of a manuscript or grant proposal, reviewers must convert a submission’s strengths and weaknesses for heterogeneous peer review criteria into a single metric of quality or merit. I identify this process of commensuration as the locus for a new kind of peer review bias. Commensuration bias illuminates how the systematic prioritization of some peer review criteria over others permits and facilitates problematic patterns of publication and funding in science. Commensuration bias also foregrounds a range of structural strategies for realigning peer review practices and institutions with the aims of science.