01682nas a2200217   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043100001300058700001400071700002100085700001200106700001000118700002100128245008300149856004600232300001200278490000800290520115200298022001401450       2023                            d  c2023-04-011 aC. Huang1 aF. Sanaei1 aW.P.R. Verdurmen1 aF. Yang1 aW. Ji1 aX. F. Walboomers00aThe Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research  uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220345221145555  a364-3750 v1023 aThe current development of microfluidics-based microphysiological systems (MPSs) will rapidly lead to a paradigm shift from traditional static 2-dimensional cell cultivation towards organized tissue culture within a dynamic cellular milieu. Especially organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) can very precisely re-create the mechanical and unique anatomical structures of the oral environment. This review provides an introduction to such technology, from commonly used chip materials and fabrication methods to the application of OoC in in vitro culture. OoCs are advantageous because of their small-scaled culture environment, the highly controlled dynamic experimental conditions, and the likeness to the in vivo structure. We specifically focus on current chip designs in dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) research. Also, future perspectives are discussed, like model standardization and the development of integrated platforms with advanced read-out functionality. By doing so, it will be possible for OoCs to serve as an alternative for animal testing and to develop highly predictive human models for clinical experiments and even personalized medicine.  a0022-0345