01618nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653002200057653003200079653002100111653003600132653003100168653003100199100002300230700001800253700002100271700001500292245013700307856007200444300001100516490000800527520081500535022001401350       2023                            d  c2023-02-1510a2D and 3D  models10aDisease biomarker discovery10aDrug development10aMicroglia-targeted therapeutics10aMonocyte-derived microglia10aNeurodegenerative Diseases1 aCarla Cuní-López1 aRomal Stewart1 aAnthony R. White1 aHazel Quek00a3D in vitro modelling of human patient microglia: A focus on clinical translation and drug development in neurodegenerative diseases  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572823000036  a5780170 v3753 aMicroglia have an increasingly well-recognised role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby becoming attractive therapeutic targets. However, the development of microglia-targeted therapeutics for neurodegeneration has had limited success. This stems partly from the lack of clinically relevant microglia model systems. To circumvent this translational gap, patient-derived microglial cell models established using conventional 2D in vitro techniques have emerged. Though promising, these models lack the microenvironment and multicellular interactions of the brain needed to maintain microglial homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the use of 3D in vitro platforms to improve microglia modelling and their potential benefits to fast-track drug development for neurodegenerative diseases.  a0165-5728