01591nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042653001600057653001000073653001400083653001600097653002000113100001800133700001700151700001900168245005500187856004700242300000700289490000700296520104400303022001401347       2023                            d  c2023-03-2510aEpigenetics10aOmics10aorganoids10aSingle-cell10aTranscriptomics1 aArtem Smirnov1 aGerry Melino1 aEleonora Candi00aGene expression in organoids: an expanding horizon  uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13062-023-00360-2  a110 v183 aRecent development of human three-dimensional organoid cultures has opened new doors and opportunities ranging from modelling human development in vitro to personalised cancer therapies. These new in vitro systems are opening new horizons to the classic understanding of human development and disease. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these models requires cutting-edge techniques to capture and trace global changes in gene expression to enable identification of key players and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Rapid development of sequencing approaches made possible global transcriptome analyses and epigenetic profiling. Despite challenges in organoid culture and handling, these techniques are now being adapted to embrace organoids derived from a wide range of human tissues. Here, we review current state-of-the-art multi-omics technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility assays, employed to study organoids as a model for development and a platform for precision medicine.  a1745-6150