01953nas a2200349   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653001900055653003600074653001200110653002100122653001600143653001300159653001100172653001400183653001500197653002400212653002300236653002100259653002300280100002400303700002300327700001800350700002700368700002900395245011000424300001000534490000700544520103800551022001401589       2021                            d  c2021-0310a3D bioprinting10aAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 210aAnimals10aAntiviral Agents10aBioprinting10aCOVID-1910aHumans10aorganoids10aSARS-CoV-210aSpheroids, Cellular10aTissue engineering10aTissue Scaffolds10aTissue engineering1 aBruna A. G. de Melo1 aJulia C. Benincasa1 aElisa M. Cruz1 aJuliana Terzi Maricato1 aMarimelia A. Porcionatto00a3D culture models to study SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and antiviral candidates: From spheroids to bioprinting  a31-420 v443 aThe pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is receiving worldwide attention, due to the severity of the disease (COVID-19) that resulted in more than a million global deaths so far. The urgent need for vaccines and antiviral drugs is mobilizing the scientific community to develop strategies for studying the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication kinetics, pathogenesis, host-virus interaction, and infection inhibition. In this work, we review the strategies of tissue engineering in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) models used in virology studies, which presented many advantages over conventional cell cultures, such as complex cytoarchitecture and a more physiological microenvironment. Scaffold-free (spheroids and organoids) and scaffold-based (3D scaffolding and 3D bioprinting) approach allow the biofabrication of more realistic models relevant to the pandemic, to be used as in vitro platforms for the development of new vaccines and therapies against COVID-19.  a2320-2890