01267nas a2200181   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100002100057700002400078700003100102700003100133245006100164856003800225300001100263490000600274520079100280022001401071       2023                            d  c2023-08-041 aYago Juste-Lanas1 aSilvia Hervas-Raluy1 aJosé Manuel García-Aznar1 aAlejandra González-Loyola00aFluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models  uhttps://doi.org/10.1063/5.0146000  a0315010 v73 aMany different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.  a2473-2877