01464nas a2200349   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002700055653002400082653002500106653002100131653001500152653002200167653001600189653001100205653001500216653001800231653001400249653001700263653001800280653001700298653002700315100002500342700002000367700001700387245004000404300001200444490000700456520063700463022001401100       2020                            d  c2020-0510aAllergy and Immunology10aBiomedical Research10aCell Differentiation10aEpithelial Cells10aEpithelium10aFetal Development10aHomeostasis10aHumans10aInfections10aLymphopoiesis10aorganoids10aRegeneration10aT-Lymphocytes10aThymus Gland10aTumor Microenvironment1 aYotam E. Bar-Ephraim1 aKai Kretzschmar1 aHans Clevers00aOrganoids in immunological research  a279-2930 v203 aMuch of our knowledge regarding the interactions between epithelial tissues and the immune system has been gathered from animal models and co-cultures with cell lines. However, unique features of human cells cannot be modelled in mice, and cell lines are often transformed or genetically immortalized. Organoid technology has emerged as a powerful tool to maintain epithelial cells in a near-native state. In this Review, we discuss how organoids are being used in immunological research to understand the role of epithelial cell-immune cell interactions in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in diseases such as cancer.  a1474-1741