01325nas a2200253   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653001200055653001100067653001800078653002600096100002200122700002700144700001800171700002000189700001800209700001900227245007100246300001200317490000700329520072100336022001401057       2019                            d  c2019-0210aAnimals10aHumans10aImmune System10aLab-On-A-Chip Devices1 aAlessandro Polini1 aLoretta L. Del Mercato1 aAdriano Barra1 aYu Shrike Zhang1 aFranco Calabi1 aGiuseppe Gigli00aTowards the development of human immune-system-on-a-chip platforms  a517-5250 v243 aOrgan-on-a-chip (OoCs) platforms could revolutionize drug discovery and might ultimately become essential tools for precision therapy. Although many single-organ and interconnected systems have been described, the immune system has been comparatively neglected, despite its pervasive role in the body and the trend towards newer therapeutic products (i.e., complex biologics, nanoparticles, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and engineered T cells) that often cause, or are based on, immune reactions. In this review, we recapitulate some distinctive features of the immune system before reviewing microfluidic devices that mimic lymphoid organs or other organs and/or tissues with an integrated immune system component.  a1878-5832