01721nas a2200265   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001500043653003400058653002000092653001900112653001300131653003000144653003200174100002000206700001600226700002000242700002100262245007900283856004200362300001000404490000600414520102100420022001401441       2014                            d  c2014-06-0610aadverse environmental impacts10aanimal research10aanimal testing10abreeding10alaboratory health effects10alaboratory waste production1 aKatherine Groff1 aEric Bachli1 aMolly Lansdowne1 aTheodora Capaldo00aReview of Evidence of Environmental Impacts of Animal Research and Testing  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/1/1/14  a14-300 v13 aMillions of animals are used in research and toxicity testing, including in drug, medical device, chemical, cosmetic, personal care, household, and other product sectors, but the environmental consequences are yet to be adequately addressed. Evidence suggests that their use and disposal, and the associated use of chemicals and supplies, contribute to pollution as well as adverse impacts on biodiversity and public health. The objective of  this review is to examine such evidence. The review includes examinations of (1) resources used in animal research; (2) waste production in laboratories; (3) sources of pollution;  (4) impacts on laboratory workers’ health; and (5) biodiversity impacts. The clear conclusion from the review is that the environmental implications of animal testing must be acknowledged, reported, and taken into account as another factor in addition to ethical and scientific reasons weighing heavily in favor of moving away from allowing and requiring animal use in research and testing.  a2076-3298