@article{4856,
  keywords = {3D culture, Adipose Tissue, bone marrow, Metabolism, Phagocytosis, Resident macrophage, macrophage subpopulation},
  author = {Adèle Arlat and Marie-Laure Renoud and Jean Nakhle and Miguel Thomas and Jessica Fontaine and Emmanuelle Arnaud and Cédric Dray and Hélène Authier and Paul Monsarrat and Agnès Coste and Louis Casteilla and Marielle Ousset and Béatrice Cousin},
  title = {Generation of functionally active resident macrophages from adipose tissue by 3D cultures},
  abstract = {<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Within adipose tissue (AT), different macrophage subsets have been described, which played pivotal and specific roles in upholding tissue homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions. Nonetheless, studying resident macrophages <italic>in-vitro</italic> poses challenges, as the isolation process and the culture for extended periods can alter their inherent properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Stroma-vascular cells isolated from murine subcutaneous AT were seeded on ultra-low adherent plates in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. After 4 days of culture, the cells spontaneously aggregate to form spheroids. A week later, macrophages begin to spread out of the spheroid and adhere to the culture plate.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>This innovative three-dimensional (3D) culture method enables the generation of functional mature macrophages that present distinct genic and phenotypic characteristics compared to bone marrow–derived macrophages. They also show specific metabolic activity and polarization in response to stimulation, but similar phagocytic capacity. Additionally, based on single-cell analysis, AT-macrophages generated in 3D culture mirror the phenotypic and functional traits of <italic>in-vivo</italic> AT resident macrophages.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Our study describes a 3D <italic>in-vitro</italic> system for generating and culturing functional AT-resident macrophages, without the need for cell sorting. This system thus stands as a valuable resource for exploring the differentiation and function of AT-macrophages <italic>in vitro</italic> in diverse physiological and pathological contexts.</p></sec>},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume = {15},
  month = {2024-06-21},
  issn = {1664-3224},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356397/full},
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356397},
  language = {English},
}