@article{1946,
  keywords = {Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Electrophysiology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, induced pluripotent stem cells, Microscopy, Electron, Multigene Family, Naphthoquinones, organoids, Retina, Single-Cell Analysis, Synapses, Transcriptome, eye disease, human retina, macular degeneration, organoid, organoid development, Retina, retinal organoid, single cell sequencing, synaptic function, Transcriptome},
  author = {Cameron S. Cowan and Magdalena Renner and Martina De Gennaro and Brigitte Gross-Scherf and David Goldblum and Yanyan Hou and Martin Munz and Tiago M. Rodrigues and Jacek Krol and Tamas Szikra and Rachel Cuttat and Annick Waldt and Panagiotis Papasaikas and Roland Diggelmann and Claudia P. Patino-Alvarez and Patricia Galliker and Stefan E. Spirig and Dinko Pavlinic and Nadine Gerber-Hollbach and Sven Schuierer and Aldin Srdanovic and Marton Balogh and Riccardo Panero and Akos Kusnyerik and Arnold Szabo and Michael B. Stadler and Selim Orgül and Simone Picelli and Pascal W. Hasler and Andreas Hierlemann and Hendrik P. N. Scholl and Guglielmo Roma and Florian Nigsch and Botond Roska},
  title = {Cell Types of the Human Retina and Its Organoids at Single-Cell Resolution},
  abstract = {Human organoids recapitulating the cell-type diversity and function of their target organ are valuable for basic and translational research. We developed light-sensitive human retinal organoids with multiple nuclear and synaptic layers and functional synapses. We sequenced the RNA of 285,441 single cells from these organoids at seven developmental time points and from the periphery, fovea, pigment epithelium and choroid of light-responsive adult human retinas, and performed histochemistry. Cell types in organoids matured in vitro to a stable "developed" state at a rate similar to human retina development in vivo. Transcriptomes of organoid cell types converged toward the transcriptomes of adult peripheral retinal cell types. Expression of disease-associated genes was cell-type-specific in adult retina, and cell-type specificity was retained in organoids. We implicate unexpected cell types in diseases such as macular degeneration. This resource identifies cellular targets for studying disease mechanisms in organoids and for targeted repair in human retinas.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Cell},
  volume = {182},
  pages = {1623-1640.e34},
  month = {2020-09-17},
  issn = {1097-4172},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.013},
  language = {eng},
}